This is accomplished by using a custom API in the form of a dynamic link library (DLL) to add to the game shader engine, thus, allowing additional processing that the game isn't capable of doing on its own. ENBSeries adds many enhancements and features to games, which aren't available from the vanilla game.
It's available for multiple games including most that Step Modifications supports. What is ENBSeries? ĮNBSeries (or ENB) is a post-processing suite created and maintained by Boris Voronstov. See the ENB INI Reference for descriptions of all settings by game.
This is the general overview of ENBSeries for all supported games.